Product Design - Solvent for Extraction of a Solute:
Definitions for Terms for Solvent Efficiency Requirements

Selectivity
The ratio of the abilities of the solvent to dissolve the solute and the carrier: (solute in solvent)/(carrier in the solvent). This is approximated as the ratio γ₃^∞/γ₁^∞ where γ₁^∞ is the infinite-dilution activity coefficient of the solute in the solvent and γ₃^∞ is the infinite-dilution activity coefficient of the carrier in the solvent.

Solvent Power
A measure of the solvent's ability to dissolve the solute. This is approximated as 1/γ₁^∞, where γ₁^∞ is the infinite-dilution activity coefficient of the solute in the solvent. It is close to mole fraction solubility of the solute, if the solubility is low.

Solvent Loss
A measure of the carrier's ability to dissolve the solvent expressed as 1/γ₄^∞, where γ₄^∞ is the infinite-dilution activity coefficient of the solvent in the carrier. It is close to mole fraction solubility if the solubility is low. Large values of carrier loss may indicate complete mutual miscibility of the carrier and solvent that can make extraction impossible.

Carrier Loss
A measure of the solvent's ability to dissolve the carrier expressed 1/γ₃^∞, where γ₃^∞ is the infinite-dilution activity coefficient of the carrier in the solvent. It is close to mole fraction solubility, if the solubility is low. Large values of solvent loss may indicate complete mutual miscibility of the carrier and solvent that can make extraction impossible.

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