Thermodynamics Research Center / ThermoML | Fluid Phase Equilibria

The capability of tetra alkyl ammonium bromides for aqueous biphasic systems formation with both polymers and electrolytes in aqueous solutions

Baghlani, M.[Masoomeh], Sadeghi, R.[Rahmat]
Fluid Phase Equilib. 2018, 465, 34-47
ABSTRACT
It was found that the tetra alkyl ammonium halides can solute-out the water soluble polymers and solute out by electrolyte in aqueous solutions and form the aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). To investigate these new kinds of ABS, vapor - liquid equilibria (VLE), vapor - liquid - liquid equilibria (VLLE) and liquid - liquid equilibria (LLE) measurements were carried out for ternary systems containing tetra alkyl ammonium bromides (TAAB): tetra methyl ammonium bromide (TMAB), tetra ethyl ammonium bromide (TEAB), tetra propyl ammonium bromide (TPAB) and tetra butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB); electrolytes: NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3 and Na3Cit; and polymers: polypropylene glycol400 (PPG400) and polyethylene glycol400 (PEG400) at different temperatures. It was found that in these systems the solutingout effect and then the tendency to ABS formation increases by increasing the difference between the hydrophilicity of two components. In the case of TAAB + polymer aqueous systems, the polymer is solute out by the more hydrophilic component TAAB and therefore ABS are formed for aqueous solutions containing PPG (which is more hydrophobic than PEG) and TMAB/TEMB (which are more hydrophilic than TPAB and TBAB). In these types of ABS, the soluting-out effects increase with an increase in temperature. On the other hand, in the case of TAAB p salt aqueous systems, the TAAB is solute out by salt which is the more hydrophilic than TAAB and therefore aqueous solutions containing (TBAB p NaNO3, Na2CO3 and Na3Cit), (TPAB and TEAB p Na2CO3 and Na3Cit) and (TMAB p Na2CO3) are undergoing phase separation and their soluting-out effects increase with decreasing temperature. The isopiestic measurements of the investigated systems show that the constant water activity lines of aqueous PPG + TAAB systems show the positive and the negative deviation from the semi-ideal behavior respectively in biphasic and monophasic area, but those of aqueous salt + TAAB systems show the negative deviation in both biphasic and monophasic area. However, the constant water activity lines of the systems with soluting-in effect, show the positive deviation from the semi-ideal behavior.
Compounds
# Formula Name
1 ClNa sodium chloride
2 NNaO3 sodium nitrate
3 CNa2O3 sodium carbonate
4 C6H5Na3O7 trisodium citrate
5 C4H12BrN tetramethylammonium bromide
6 C8H20BrN tetraethylammonium bromide
7 C12H28BrN tetrapropylammonium bromide
8 C16H36BrN tetrabutylammonium bromide
9 H2O water
Datasets
The table above is generated from the ThermoML associated json file (link above). POMD and RXND refer to PureOrMixture and Reaction Datasets. The compound numbers are included in properties, variables, and phases, if specificied; the numbers refer to the table of compounds on the left.
Type Compound-# Property Variable Constraint Phase Method #Points
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 39
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 9
  • Mass density, kg/m3 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Vibrating tube method
  • 9
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 9
  • Speed of sound, m/s ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Sing-around technique in a fixed-path interferometer
  • 9
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 53
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 9
  • Mass density, kg/m3 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Vibrating tube method
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 9
  • Speed of sound, m/s ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Sing-around technique in a fixed-path interferometer
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 34
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 9
  • Mass density, kg/m3 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Vibrating tube method
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 9
  • Speed of sound, m/s ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Sing-around technique in a fixed-path interferometer
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 8
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 32
  • POMD
  • 8
  • 9
  • Mass density, kg/m3 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Vibrating tube method
  • 14
  • POMD
  • 8
  • 9
  • Speed of sound, m/s ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Sing-around technique in a fixed-path interferometer
  • 14
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 4; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 23
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 3; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 21
  • POMD
  • 2
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 2; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 19
  • POMD
  • 1
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 1; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 16
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 1
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 1; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 16
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 1
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 1; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 16
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 1
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 1; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 8
  • 1
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 1; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 2
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 2; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 2
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 2; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 2
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 2; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 20
  • POMD
  • 8
  • 2
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 2; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 20
  • POMD
  • 8
  • 2
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 2 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 2 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 8 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 8; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 35
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 3
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 3; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 16
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 3
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 5 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 5; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 31
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 3
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 3; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 20
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 3
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 6 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 6; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 37
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 7
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 3; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 16
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 7
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 7 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 7; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 41
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 8
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 3; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 16
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 8
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 3 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 8 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 8; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 38
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 4
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 5; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 4; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 12
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 6
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 6; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 4; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 20
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 6
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 4 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 4 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 6 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 6; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 36
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 7
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 7; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 4; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 20
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 7
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 4 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 4 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 7 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 7; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 40
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 8
  • 9
  • (Relative) activity - 9 ; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 8; Liquid
  • Molality, mol/kg - 4; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
  • ISOPIE
  • 20
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 8
  • 9
  • Mass fraction - 4 ; Liquid mixture 2
  • Mass fraction - 4 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 8 ; Liquid mixture 1
  • Temperature, K; Liquid mixture 1
  • Mass fraction - 8; Liquid mixture 2
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid mixture 1
  • Liquid mixture 2
  • Liquid mixture 1
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • Titration method
  • 49