2
0
2010
zaf
ham
1
journal
Original
Zafarani-Moattar, M. T.[Mohammed Taghi]
Hamzehzadeh, S.[Sholeh]
J. Chem. Eng. Data
2010
2020-09-29
Salting-Out Effect, Preferential Exclusion, and Phase Separation in Aqueous Solutions of Chaotropic Water-Miscible Ionic Liquids and Kosmotropic Salts: Effects of Temperature, Anions, and Cations
The phase diagrams and the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) + tripotassium citrate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C4mim]Br) + trisodium citrate aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS s) were determined experimentally at T = (278.15, 298.15, and 318.15) K. The Merchuk equation with three dependent-temperature adjustable parameters was used for reproducing the binodal curves. In the studied systems, the salting-out effect caused by the addition of the inorganic salts to the aqueous solutions of the water-miscible ionic liquids (ILs) was investigated. The effects were analyzed using the corresponding composition phase diagrams. The effect of temperature on the phase-forming ability in the investigated systems was also evaluated based on a salting-out coefficient obtained from fitting the tie-line data to a Setschenow-type equation. The values of the salting-out coefficients may reflect the extent of the preferential hydration of the IL. Furthermore, the salting-out effect and the consequent phase separation in the investigated ATPS s were interpreted taking into account the complex and competing nature of the interactions between the solutes and water. Finally, the intensity of the phase-forming ability in the [C4mim]X (X = Cl- or Br-) + salt ATPS s was also examined on the basis of the ionic viscosity B-coefficients of the Jones-Dole equation.
10.1021/je900681b
4
55
1598-1610
1
InChI=1S/C8H15N2.ClH/c1-3-4-5-10-7-6-9(2)8-10;/h6-8H,3-5H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
C8H15ClN2
1
Commercial source
1
98
2
Stated by supplier
2
0.008
1
Karl Fischer titration
2
InChI=1S/C8H15N2.BrH/c1-3-4-5-10-7-6-9(2)8-10;/h6-8H,3-5H2,1-2H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
KYCQOKLOSUBEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide
1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide
C8H15BrN2
1
Commercial source
1
98
2
Stated by supplier
2
0.0095
2
Karl Fischer titration
3
InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3K/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K
potassium citrate
potassium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
C6H5K3O7
1
Commercial source
1
99
2
Stated by supplier
4
InChI=1S/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K
trisodium citrate
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, sodium salt (1:3)
3-carboxy-3-hydroxy-pentan-1,5-dioic acid trisodium salt
sodium citrate
sodium citrate anhydrous
C6H5Na3O7
1
Commercial source
1
99
2
Stated by supplier
5
InChI=1S/H2O/h1H2
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
water
H2O
1
Synthesized by the authors
1
99.9
3
Estimated by the compiler
2
Fractional distillation
6
InChI=1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3
LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
tripotassium phosphate
phosphoric acid, potassium salt (1:3)
potassium phosphate
K3O4P
1
notDescribed
7
InChI=1S/2K.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L
dipotassium hydrogen phosphate
conclyte P
dibasic potassium phosphate
dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4)
dipotassium monohydrogen phosphate
dipotassium monophosphate
dipotassium orthophosphate
dipotassium phosphate
dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4)
hydrogen dipotassium phosphate
phosphoric acid, dipotassium salt
potassium monohydrogen phosphate
HK2O4P
1
notDescribed
8
InChI=1S/CH2O3.2K/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2
BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
potassium carbonate
CK2O3
1
notDescribed
1
3
1
5
1
1
1
Principal objective of the work
GPC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
3
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 1
101
3
1
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 1
2
Mass fraction
1
Liquid mixture 1
1
278.15
5
2
0.2409
4
1
0.2814
4
1
0.0087
1
278.15
5
2
0.2669
4
1
0.2545
4
1
0.0079
1
278.15
5
2
0.2873
4
1
0.2335
4
1
0.0072
1
278.15
5
2
0.3078
4
1
0.2125
4
1
0.0066
1
278.15
5
2
0.3275
4
1
0.1941
4
1
0.006
1
278.15
5
2
0.3459
4
1
0.1774
4
1
0.0055
1
278.15
5
2
0.3671
4
1
0.1581
4
1
0.0049
1
278.15
5
2
0.3894
4
1
0.1413
4
1
0.0044
1
278.15
5
2
0.4014
4
1
0.133
4
1
0.0041
1
278.15
5
2
0.428
4
1
0.1102
4
1
0.0034
1
278.15
5
2
0.4786
4
1
0.0771
3
1
0.0024
1
278.15
5
2
0.5356
4
1
0.0476
3
1
0.0015
1
278.15
5
2
0.5949
4
1
0.024
3
1
0.0007
1
278.15
5
2
0.6312
4
1
0.0156
3
1
0.0005
1
298.15
5
2
0.2535
4
1
0.2839
4
1
0.0088
1
298.15
5
2
0.283
4
1
0.2579
4
1
0.008
1
298.15
5
2
0.3093
4
1
0.2311
4
1
0.0072
1
298.15
5
2
0.3231
4
1
0.2182
4
1
0.0068
1
298.15
5
2
0.3374
4
1
0.2048
4
1
0.0063
1
298.15
5
2
0.3492
4
1
0.1937
4
1
0.006
1
298.15
5
2
0.359
4
1
0.1849
4
1
0.0057
1
298.15
5
2
0.3744
4
1
0.1704
4
1
0.0053
1
298.15
5
2
0.3898
4
1
0.1584
4
1
0.0049
1
298.15
5
2
0.4008
4
1
0.1484
4
1
0.0046
1
298.15
5
2
0.4092
4
1
0.1415
4
1
0.0044
1
298.15
5
2
0.4291
4
1
0.1265
4
1
0.0039
1
298.15
5
2
0.4381
4
1
0.1219
4
1
0.0038
1
298.15
5
2
0.4454
4
1
0.1153
4
1
0.0036
1
298.15
5
2
0.4529
4
1
0.1091
4
1
0.0034
1
298.15
5
2
0.4639
4
1
0.1022
4
1
0.0032
1
298.15
5
2
0.4723
4
1
0.0964
3
1
0.003
1
298.15
5
2
0.485
4
1
0.0882
3
1
0.0027
1
318.15
5
2
0.3173
4
1
0.2391
4
1
0.0074
1
318.15
5
2
0.3401
4
1
0.2179
4
1
0.0068
1
318.15
5
2
0.3571
4
1
0.2018
4
1
0.0063
1
318.15
5
2
0.3778
4
1
0.1831
4
1
0.0057
1
318.15
5
2
0.3945
4
1
0.1687
4
1
0.0052
1
318.15
5
2
0.4161
4
1
0.1515
4
1
0.0047
1
318.15
5
2
0.4404
4
1
0.1322
4
1
0.0041
1
318.15
5
2
0.466
4
1
0.1137
4
1
0.0035
1
318.15
5
2
0.4852
4
1
0.1019
4
1
0.0032
1
318.15
5
2
0.5132
4
1
0.085
3
1
0.0026
1
318.15
5
2
0.5667
4
1
0.0589
3
1
0.0018
1
318.15
5
2
0.5935
4
1
0.0447
3
1
0.0014
2
3
1
5
1
1
1
Principal objective of the work
RDC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
3
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
2
Mass fraction
Titration method
1
Liquid mixture 2
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
3
Mass fraction
Titration method
3
Liquid mixture 2
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 2
101.3
2
1
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 2
2
Mass fraction
1
Liquid mixture 1
1
278.15
5
2
0.5913
4
1
0.0323
3
1
0.0029
2
0.0213
3
1
0.0067
3
0.614
4
1
278.15
5
2
0.5654
4
1
0.0434
3
1
0.0031
2
0.0333
3
1
0.0067
3
0.5716
4
1
278.15
5
2
0.5374
4
1
0.0566
3
1
0.0033
2
0.043
3
1
0.0067
3
0.5441
4
1
278.15
5
2
0.4841
4
1
0.082
3
1
0.0037
2
0.0558
3
1
0.0068
3
0.4949
4
1
298.15
5
2
0.6114
4
1
0.0363
3
1
0.0029
2
0.0398
3
1
0.0074
3
0.6233
4
1
298.15
5
2
0.5888
4
1
0.0457
3
1
0.0031
2
0.0547
3
1
0.0067
3
0.5821
4
1
298.15
5
2
0.5373
4
1
0.0684
3
1
0.0034
2
0.0599
3
1
0.0068
3
0.5567
4
1
298.15
5
2
0.4986
4
1
0.0876
3
1
0.0039
2
0.0687
3
1
0.007
3
0.525
4
1
298.15
5
2
0.4502
4
1
0.1152
4
1
0.0045
2
0.0824
3
1
0.0072
3
0.4886
4
1
318.15
5
2
0.6005
4
1
0.044
3
1
0.0031
2
0.0297
3
1
0.0065
3
0.6176
4
1
318.15
5
2
0.5726
4
1
0.0568
3
1
0.0032
2
0.0346
3
1
0.0065
3
0.5912
4
1
318.15
5
2
0.5259
4
1
0.0776
3
1
0.0036
2
0.0396
3
1
0.0067
3
0.5536
4
1
318.15
5
2
0.4991
4
1
0.0912
3
1
0.0039
2
0.0534
3
1
0.0071
3
0.5224
4
3
4
1
5
1
2
1
Principal objective of the work
GPC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
4
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 1
101
3
1
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 1
2
Mass fraction
2
Liquid mixture 1
1
278.15
5
2
0.3486
4
1
0.1018
4
1
0.0032
1
278.15
5
2
0.3563
4
1
0.0969
3
1
0.003
1
278.15
5
2
0.3635
4
1
0.0933
3
1
0.0029
1
278.15
5
2
0.3766
4
1
0.0853
3
1
0.0026
1
278.15
5
2
0.3976
4
1
0.0718
3
1
0.0022
1
278.15
5
2
0.4333
4
1
0.0595
3
1
0.0018
1
278.15
5
2
0.4632
4
1
0.0482
3
1
0.0015
1
278.15
5
2
0.5194
4
1
0.0312
3
1
0.001
1
298.15
5
2
0.2281
4
1
0.1969
4
1
0.0061
1
298.15
5
2
0.2783
4
1
0.1616
4
1
0.005
1
298.15
5
2
0.3148
4
1
0.1377
4
1
0.0043
1
298.15
5
2
0.3364
4
1
0.124
4
1
0.0038
1
298.15
5
2
0.3485
4
1
0.1162
4
1
0.0036
1
298.15
5
2
0.3595
4
1
0.1093
4
1
0.0034
1
298.15
5
2
0.3955
4
1
0.0911
3
1
0.0028
1
298.15
5
2
0.4356
4
1
0.0711
3
1
0.0022
1
298.15
5
2
0.4434
4
1
0.0672
3
1
0.0021
1
318.15
5
2
0.3569
4
1
0.1214
4
1
0.0038
1
318.15
5
2
0.3771
4
1
0.1095
4
1
0.0034
1
318.15
5
2
0.39
4
1
0.1021
4
1
0.0032
1
318.15
5
2
0.4
4
1
0.0966
3
1
0.003
1
318.15
5
2
0.4109
4
1
0.0907
3
1
0.0028
1
318.15
5
2
0.4234
4
1
0.0847
3
1
0.0026
1
318.15
5
2
0.4366
4
1
0.0783
3
1
0.0024
1
318.15
5
2
0.4494
4
1
0.0714
3
1
0.0022
1
318.15
5
2
0.4655
4
1
0.0644
3
1
0.002
1
318.15
5
2
0.484
4
1
0.057
3
1
0.0018
1
318.15
5
2
0.5057
4
1
0.0494
3
1
0.0015
1
318.15
5
2
0.5381
4
1
0.0393
3
1
0.0012
4
4
1
5
1
2
1
Principal objective of the work
RDC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
4
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
2
Mass fraction
Titration method
4
Liquid mixture 2
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
3
Mass fraction
Titration method
2
Liquid mixture 2
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 2
101.3
2
1
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 2
2
Mass fraction
2
Liquid mixture 1
1
278.15
5
2
0.5431
4
1
0.0246
3
1
0.0017
2
0.3855
4
1
0.033
3
0.0343
3
1
278.15
5
2
0.5183
4
1
0.0303
3
1
0.0018
2
0.3672
4
1
0.033
3
0.0416
3
1
278.15
5
2
0.5013
4
1
0.0348
3
1
0.0019
2
0.3569
4
1
0.0237
3
0.0456
3
1
278.15
5
2
0.4865
4
1
0.0397
3
1
0.0021
2
0.3371
4
1
0.0212
3
0.0593
3
1
278.15
5
2
0.4388
4
1
0.0577
3
1
0.0024
2
0.3037
4
1
0.0204
3
0.0837
3
1
278.15
5
2
0.4033
4
1
0.0707
3
1
0.0027
2
0.2835
4
1
0.0197
3
0.0992
3
1
298.15
5
2
0.5079
4
1
0.0419
3
1
0.0022
2
0.3583
4
1
0.0223
3
0.0576
3
1
298.15
5
2
0.4902
4
1
0.0483
3
1
0.0024
2
0.3409
4
1
0.0207
3
0.0696
3
1
298.15
5
2
0.4626
4
1
0.0611
3
1
0.0026
2
0.319
4
1
0.0193
3
0.0869
3
1
298.15
5
2
0.4215
4
1
0.0786
3
1
0.0029
2
0.2927
4
1
0.0188
3
0.109
3
1
318.15
5
2
0.5216
4
1
0.042
3
1
0.002
2
0.3728
4
1
0.0218
3
0.0618
3
1
318.15
5
2
0.4995
4
1
0.0479
3
1
0.0022
2
0.3529
4
1
0.0236
3
0.076
3
1
318.15
5
2
0.4721
4
1
0.0585
3
1
0.0025
2
0.3313
4
1
0.0209
3
0.0871
3
1
318.15
5
2
0.4242
4
1
0.0804
3
1
0.003
2
0.3095
4
1
0.0197
3
0.1069
4
1
318.15
5
2
0.3879
4
1
0.0998
3
1
0.0035
2
0.2826
4
1
0.0211
3
0.1254
4
5
5
1
6
1
1
1
Principal objective of the work
GPC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
6
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 1
101
3
2
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 1
298.15
5
1
Mass fraction
1
Liquid mixture 1
1
0.037
3
1
0.3011
4
1
0.0093
1
0.0437
3
1
0.2943
4
1
0.0091
1
0.0483
3
1
0.2879
4
1
0.0089
1
0.0575
3
1
0.2725
4
1
0.0084
1
0.064
3
1
0.2646
4
1
0.0082
1
0.071
3
1
0.256
4
1
0.0079
1
0.0785
3
1
0.2469
4
1
0.0077
1
0.0882
3
1
0.2367
4
1
0.0073
1
0.0975
3
1
0.2274
4
1
0.007
1
0.1059
4
1
0.2189
4
1
0.0068
1
0.1138
4
1
0.2113
4
1
0.0065
1
0.1222
4
1
0.2035
4
1
0.0063
1
0.131
4
1
0.1951
4
1
0.006
1
0.1411
4
1
0.186
4
1
0.0058
1
0.153
4
1
0.1754
4
1
0.0054
1
0.1679
4
1
0.1634
4
1
0.0051
1
0.1816
4
1
0.152
4
1
0.0047
1
0.1949
4
1
0.1414
4
1
0.0044
1
0.2169
4
1
0.1246
4
1
0.0039
1
0.2383
4
1
0.1099
4
1
0.0034
1
0.2712
4
1
0.0891
3
1
0.0028
1
0.2998
4
1
0.0739
3
1
0.0023
1
0.3577
4
1
0.0484
3
1
0.0015
1
0.4126
4
1
0.0296
3
1
0.0009
1
0.4608
4
1
0.0195
3
1
0.0006
1
0.5172
4
1
0.0146
3
1
0.0005
6
5
1
7
1
1
1
Principal objective of the work
GPC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
7
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 1
101
3
2
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 1
298.15
5
1
Mass fraction
1
Liquid mixture 1
1
0.0341
3
1
0.3491
4
1
0.0108
1
0.0512
3
1
0.3187
4
1
0.0099
1
0.0617
3
1
0.3014
4
1
0.0093
1
0.0757
3
1
0.2822
4
1
0.0087
1
0.0866
3
1
0.268
4
1
0.0083
1
0.0982
3
1
0.2537
4
1
0.0079
1
0.1132
4
1
0.2364
4
1
0.0073
1
0.1319
4
1
0.2158
4
1
0.0067
1
0.1508
4
1
0.1965
4
1
0.0061
1
0.1702
4
1
0.1764
4
1
0.0055
1
0.1943
4
1
0.1539
4
1
0.0048
1
0.2218
4
1
0.1303
4
1
0.004
1
0.2494
4
1
0.1101
4
1
0.0034
1
0.2818
4
1
0.0879
3
1
0.0027
1
0.3158
4
1
0.07
3
1
0.0022
1
0.3572
4
1
0.0513
3
1
0.0016
1
0.3895
4
1
0.0397
3
1
0.0012
1
0.4198
4
1
0.0315
3
1
0.001
1
0.4638
4
1
0.0217
3
1
0.0007
1
0.4901
4
1
0.0167
3
1
0.0005
7
8
1
5
1
1
1
Principal objective of the work
GPC
TRC
4/9/2010
1
Mass fraction
Titration method
8
Liquid mixture 1
Direct value, X
1
Data file compiler
Propagation of evaluated standard uncertainties
95
Liquid mixture 1
Liquid mixture 2
1
Temperature, K
Liquid mixture 1
298.15
5
2
Pressure, kPa
Liquid mixture 1
101
3
1
Mass fraction
1
Liquid mixture 1
1
0.046
3
1
0.313
4
1
0.0097
1
0.0498
3
1
0.3077
4
1
0.0095
1
0.0571
3
1
0.2982
4
1
0.0092
1
0.072
3
1
0.2798
4
1
0.0087
1
0.0861
3
1
0.2644
4
1
0.0082
1
0.1022
4
1
0.2489
4
1
0.0077
1
0.1194
4
1
0.2338
4
1
0.0072
1
0.1374
4
1
0.218
4
1
0.0068
1
0.139
4
1
0.2164
4
1
0.0067
1
0.1569
4
1
0.2016
4
1
0.0062
1
0.1744
4
1
0.1879
4
1
0.0058
1
0.1925
4
1
0.1737
4
1
0.0054
1
0.2118
4
1
0.1595
4
1
0.0049
1
0.2313
4
1
0.1454
4
1
0.0045
1
0.2513
4
1
0.132
4
1
0.0041
1
0.2719
4
1
0.1189
4
1
0.0037
1
0.2912
4
1
0.1074
4
1
0.0033
1
0.3116
4
1
0.0965
3
1
0.003
1
0.3377
4
1
0.0831
3
1
0.0026
1
0.3636
4
1
0.0716
3
1
0.0022
1
0.3881
4
1
0.0613
3
1
0.0019
1
0.4061
4
1
0.0544
3
1
0.0017
1
0.4207
4
1
0.0502
3
1
0.0016
1
0.434
4
1
0.0455
3
1
0.0014
1
0.4443
4
1
0.0424
3
1
0.0013
1
0.4586
4
1
0.0395
3
1
0.0012
1
0.4741
4
1
0.0343
3
1
0.0011
1
0.4904
4
1
0.0308
3
1
0.001
1
0.5082
4
1
0.0271
3
1
0.0008
1
0.5715
4
1
0.0168
3
1
0.0005