Thermodynamics Research Center / ThermoML | Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data

Pressurized-Synthetic Methodology for Solubility Determination at Elevated Temperatures with Application to Paracetamol in Pure Solvents

de Souza, B.[Brian], Keshavarz, L.[Leila], Cogoni, G.[Giuseppe], Frawley, P. J.[Patrick J.]
J. Chem. Eng. Data 2017, 62, 5, 1689-1700
ABSTRACT
This paper describes a new non-intrusive method for the determination of high temperature solubility data. Accurate high temperature solubility data is vital to many industrial manufacturing processes such as cooling crystallization, with direct implications for yield, throughput and solvent usage. Yet, the provision of such data is notably absent from published literature for many active pharmaceutical ingredients. The pressurized-synthetic methodology is presented as a new technique for determining high temperature solubility data. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is used as a reference active pharmaceutical ingredient to validate the methodology. Solubility data determined using the pressurized-synthetic approach is reported for several pure solvents across a significantly extended temperature range. In the case of methanol, solubility data is obtained up to 354.15 K, above the atmospheric boiling point of the solvent, 337.65 K and far in excess of the temperature range for which data exists in the literature 268.15 to 303.15 K. The data obtained using the pressurized-synthetic method is validated against an extended gravimetric dataset at temperatures up to the atmospheric boiling point for each solvent. Sensitivity studies were conducted in order to determine the influence of factors such as temperature gradient on the ultimate solubility determination. A temperature based standard deviation of 0.1 K was established for paracetamol in 2-propanol at 303.15 K, comparing favorably with temperature based equivalent standard deviation of 0.2 K for the gravimetric approach. Binary interaction parameters for the pressurized-synthetic solubility data are derived and estimated for four different activity coefficient models, namely Margules, Van-Laar, Wilson and NRTL, along with the empirical solubility equation of Apelblat. For each solvent, the quality of fit of each of the activity coefficient models is analyzed. The NRTL model was found to best fit the experimental data for methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and acetone with mean square errors of 5.73x10-5, 3.00x10-4, 1.70x10-4 and 7.35x10-5 respectively. The pressurized-synthetic approach provides a non-intrusive, validated and readily automated approach for the provision of valuable high temperature solubility data which can be readily extended to binary and ternary systems.
Compounds
# Formula Name
1 C8H9NO2 N-acetyl-p-aminophenol
2 CH4O methanol
3 C2H6O ethanol
4 C3H8O propan-1-ol
5 C3H8O propan-2-ol
6 C4H10O butan-1-ol
7 C5H12O pentan-1-ol
8 H2O water
9 C3H6O acetone
Datasets
The table above is generated from the ThermoML associated json file (link above). POMD and RXND refer to PureOrMixture and Reaction Datasets. The compound numbers are included in properties, variables, and phases, if specificied; the numbers refer to the table of compounds on the left.
Type Compound-# Property Variable Constraint Phase Method #Points
  • POMD
  • 2
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 7
  • POMD
  • 2
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 3
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 8
  • POMD
  • 3
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 6
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 8
  • POMD
  • 4
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 7
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 11
  • POMD
  • 5
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 6
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 8
  • POMD
  • 6
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 7
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 7
  • POMD
  • 7
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 7
  • POMD
  • 9
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • visual
  • 4
  • POMD
  • 9
  • 1
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 4
  • POMD
  • 1
  • 8
  • Mole fraction - 1 ; Liquid
  • Temperature, K; Liquid
  • Pressure, kPa; Liquid
  • Liquid
  • Crystal - 1
  • gravimetric
  • 7